In the Name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful
Overseas autonomous driving technology status
The development of autonomous driving technology is focusing on commercialization and product production rather than technology R&D, and the pace of development is accelerating. Global market company Navigant Research published a report on the competitiveness of 19 major global companies developing autonomous driving technologies and platforms. Competitiveness is compared based on vision, market entry strategy, partnership, production strategy, technology, sales/marketing/distribution, product quality and reliability, and classified into leading, competition, challenge, and subgroups. GM, Google Waymo, Daimler, and Ford formed the leading groups, PSA, Toyota, Volvo, Baidu, Navya, and Hyundai were competing groups, while Apple, Uber, Tesla, and Honda were evaluated as challenging groups.
Google Waymo
Google's subsidiary Waymo is trying to solve problems such as lane keeping, which requires constant observation of the driver to create a system that can fully autonomously drive without a driver. Currently, it has completed an autonomous driving system of level 4 of the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), which requires the driver's observation only under certain conditions. Waymo built a system that recognizes and reacts to obstacles and events around the car using lidar, cameras, radar, and other ancillary sensors.
Waymo's
autonomous driving software can be divided into three main stages:
observation stage, behavior prediction stage, and planning stage. In
the observation stage, objects around the road are recognized, what they
are, and their speed, direction, and acceleration are measured. In the
behavior prediction step, the recognized objects predict how they will
behave around the road. Waymo can make predictions based on the
experience of driving millions of miles. In the planning stage, based
on the information obtained in the previous two stages, the car will
plan which route to take. In their experience, they think defensive and
timid driving is the safest.
The Waymo system can create a map and
locate a car through real-time information with a deep understanding of
the physical environment such as road type, distance, and dimension. In
addition, it is equipped with a system that collects and interprets
data obtained through trial driving. A system was also developed to
protect against hacking caused by internet connection.
Tesla Autopilot
Tesla's Autopilot is Tesla's autonomous driving system and hardware that provides lane maintenance, car control, autonomous parking, and lane change with driver confirmation. Tesla aims to provide fully autonomous cars.
Advanced autopilots adapt to
traffic conditions, keep their lanes, and change lanes on their own
without driver intervention. If you move from another arterial road to
another arterial road and get close to your destination, you can get out
of the arterial road by yourself and park your car automatically.
Current status of open self-driving platforms abroad
Baidu Apollo
Baidu unveiled the autonomous driving platform'Apollo 3.0' in July 2018. 'Apollo 3.0' is the level 4 level of the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). Level 4 is a level that does not require driver intervention, but the driver must be on board in case of an emergency. 'Apollo 3.0' is equipped with a program that allows developers and partners to develop autonomous vehicles within three months. The program consists of autonomous parking, unmanned self-driving delivery, and unmanned self-driving shuttle service.
In
the case of valet parking, all vehicles can use the autonomous parking
service at a cost of about $1509 (about 1.68 million won) by adding only
a camera and an ultrasonic radar. You can also use autopilot kits,
security systems, and operational scheduling solutions. In addition,
interesting technologies such as Baidu's voice recognition software,
facial recognition technology, fatigue symptom monitoring technology,
and customized services are also installed.
Based on this
technology, Baidu plans to pilot ten 14-seater self-driving minibuses,
Apollon, in Japan and China's Beijing, Shenzhen, Wuhan, and other cities
this year in cooperation with Softbank's subsidiary SB Drive. Apollo
is equipped with Baidu's autonomous driving platform Apollo.
Autoware Foundation Autoware
Overseas self-driving technology verification process status
Mcity Test Facility University of Michigan, USA
The Mcity Test Facility is a test site designed to test and simulate autonomous vehicles and technologies in urban and suburban environments. Mcity worked with the Michigan Department of Transportation to design a unique test facility that simulates the complex vehicles encountered in urban and suburban environments. Mcity is located on the University of Michigan's North campus site with approximately 16 acres of road and transportation infrastructure. It has about 5 lanes with obstacles such as intersections, traffic signs, signals, sidewalks, buildings, street lights, and construction barriers.
Centre of Excellence for Testing & Research of AVs (CETRAN) 싱가폴
CETRAN (Centre of Excellence for Testing & Research of AVs), led by Singapore's Nanyang Technological Univercity, does not directly develop autonomous driving technology, but how the autonomous driving system should work, how to test it, and autonomous driving. Study how international standards for automobiles should be created. CETRAN considers the safety of automobile passengers first, and their goal is to make society trust autonomous vehicles such as public transportation.
American Center for Mobility (ACM) Michigan, USA
The American Center for Mobility (ACM) offers a variety of autonomous driving test environments over 500 acres. ACM is a global center established for testing, verification, training, and product standard development for autonomous vehicles. It can be used by all businesses, governments, universities, etc
